Download shusenjo torrent
EV: Really? MD: And some of them were even telling me to edit the film. Like, take parts out! EV: And they are criticizing Japanese rightists for imposing censorship?
MF: This is a key question Ed and I have been discussing: what happens to complexity, nuance, historical accuracy — in these battles? You admire a lot of these people. Maybe not all of them, but mostly, their hearts are definitely in the right place; their case is pretty rock solid at least at its core.
And if you are with us then you are part of the activism, you are part of the movement. MF: It can even be a bit more complicated.
I interviewed them; I wanted to get their stories across. So, the book opened up complex areas that had not really been discussed. The fear seems to be that every time you provide that nuance and complexity, you are feeding the other side with ammunition. MD: I would say that not all the activists in the US are like that. It just so happened that they were the leaders of this particular group. But there were also people in this group who disagreed with those leaders. However, I would say that activists, as you say, have a goal and a plan of how to get to that goal.
And there is some truth to that, I believe. MF: But this is what authoritarian states say as well, and this is the thing that got me into public history in the first place. We had thought we had been given freedom to open up historical complexity and nuance, and therefore accuracy. We have degrees, you have a PhD in History.
But we need to have a simpler narrative for the ordinary citizen. But in the process of engaging with these activists, sometimes you find yourself beginning to wonder whether there are circumstances, perhaps, where there is a trade-off between complexity and clarity?
Because authoritarian regimes use that argument just as much. I am still an old believer that that scholarly quest, as ultimately unachievable as it may be, will set you free. When you are misinterpreted, when what you say is skewed and misappropriated, you have to fight back and make clear what you did and did not say. So, I have come round to the view that historical complexity and nuance is vital, but clarity is everything.
MD: The point I was trying to make at the end of the film was that when you simplify and exaggerate things too much it does become ammunition for the other side.
And the way that their opponents knock their arguments down is by bringing nuance, right? MF: True. MD: All of a sudden these right-wingers look more nuanced than the left-wingers, right?
EV: They manipulate nuance. Reconciliation, Forgetting and Culpability MF: Miki, Ed and I are also interested in researching the theme and practice of reconciliation. Part of that is trying to understand what people mean by reconciliation, from the state-to-state level right down to the very much individual level.
So, my big question for you, having made this film and then found yourself in the middle of the whole political contest that has emerged out of it: if you could imagine a way forward, to achieve some sort of reconciliation over this issue, what would it be? I ask this also because of what one prominent Korean activist admitted to me privately during the conference in Kyushu: that she felt the possibility for reparations and then reconciliation between South Korea and Japan was now gone.
Only memory work, i. MD: It still seems that the goal for most Korean activists is for the Japanese government to take full legal responsibility and that would mean it passing legislation that formally apologizes and provides some kind of reparations — although it seems that financial compensation is now not such a big deal to the former comfort women themselves.
Also, legislation that commits Japan to teaching the truth about its wartime history, making this legally binding so that this history cannot easily be erased, as it has been in the past. That seems to be the goal. Maybe a more idealized version of that goal is something like what we see in Germany.
When I was in Germany recently it was interesting because some students told me that Germany was not always so apologetic. Only from the 60s right through to the 80s, was there this push from within the country to look at its wartime past.
Because, as I said, a lot of younger Japanese people, when they do see the film, are challenged by it and their attitudes change. A lot of the problems we have come down to the lack of information. But if they had all the information, there might be hope that some reconciliation — a good kind of reconciliation — could be had. But it takes people who care enough to watch the film, who care enough to read about it or write about it in the media. It might take discussions on social media and then maybe even a movement of younger people, to at least become aware of this issue and then, when they become powerful, to elect the right people.
EV: The comparison with Germany is a tempting and attractive one that many people make. But a key difference with Germany in the 60s and 70s — well actually, a key similarity with Japan then — is, of course, the existence of a big youth and student movement. What happened to that movement in Japan, though? It was ruthlessly suppressed. Whereas in Germany, one by-product of that youth movement was a big political shift that ultimately transformed public memory.
Here in Japan, that youth movement ran into a wall, and what followed was a reaction and the significant suppression of academic freedom. Coming back to Germany in the 70s and 80s, you had a new young generation of historians who were pushing to teach a more accurate wartime history. MF: That is something we are asking ourselves: why academic history has such a diminishing impact… — EV: But in Germany, the mainstream media did give these historians a platform.
MD: Yes, they did. And when they showed it on TV, every episode was followed by a serious discussion amongst historians in the studio — on the German equivalent of NHK. But as we know, there is no way NHK will ever do anything similar. Because the protocol benefits from hundreds of millions of active torrent programs installed on home computers across the world, the distribution of files from many recipients to your home computer is fast and efficient.
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